Daily Multivitamin Use In Healthy Adults Doesn’t Decrease Risk Of Death, Study Suggests: What To Know About Pros And Cons Of Multivitamins
KEY FACTS
The researchers used the health records of over 390,000 participants with a median age of 61.5 years who were generally healthy, had no history of chronic disease and were followed for over 20 years, according to the study published Wednesday in JAMA Network Open.
People with healthier lifestyles and those who are sick may have an increased chance of taking multivitamins, so the researchers mitigated these effects so they didn’t have an impact on the study’s results.
The group of participants who took daily multivitamins had lower BMIs and better sleep quality than the participants who didn’t use daily multivitamins, and were slightly more likely to be college educated.
However, the study found those who took daily multivitamins had 4% higher mortality risk for all causes, though there were no differences in mortality risks from cancer, heart disease or cerebrovascular diseases like stroke, aneurysms.
Since the study’s population consisted of generally healthy adults, the researchers noted further research must be done to include other groups like people with nutrient deficiencies, and to evaluate the potential impact of regular multivitamin use on other health conditions associated with aging.
CRUCIAL QUOTE
“Refocusing nutrition interventions on food, rather than supplements, may provide the mortality benefits that multivitamins cannot deliver,” researchers with the National Cancer Institute wrote as part of a commentary on the JAMA study. “Vegetables, fruits, legumes and cereal grains are staples in areas of remarkable longevity.”
BIG NUMBER
$177.5 billion. That’s how much the global dietary supplement industry was worth in 2023, according to market research firm Grand View Research. This number is expected to grow by 9% between 2024 and 2030.
KEY BACKGROUND
Though the benefits of multivitamins have been a long debated topic, over 31% of Americans 19 years and older take multivitamins. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force concluded in 2022 there was “little to no benefit” in taking vitamins and mineral supplements, and recommended against the use of beta carotene or vitamin E supplements for the prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer. Multivitamin use did not reduce the risk of cancer or heart disease in participants in a 2021 study by the USPSTF. Researchers also found taking iron supplements—which is added to many multivitamins—can lead to iron overload and increase the risk of diabetes, dementia and heart disease. However, men who took daily multivitamins had an 8% lower cancer risk and a lower risk of developing cataracts, according to a previous JAMA study. Taking specific vitamin supplements has been shown to have some benefits. Doctors recommend patients with vitamin deficiencies like vitamin D take supplements, especially those with lactose intolerance, milk allergies, fat absorption issues and people with darker skin tones and more melanin, according to Yale Medicine. Vitamins are also useful during pregnancy: Pregnant women can benefit from taking prenatal vitamins containing vitamin D and calcium to help the baby’s teeth and bones grow, according to the Mayo Clinic.
TANGENT
Multivitamins, herbs, minerals and other dietary supplements are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, though the FDA regulates them. However, most of the regulation happens after they hit the shelves, and many companies manufacture and sell multivitamins without notifying the FDA.
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