Defending the High Seas: US Warships Navigate Rising Threats in the Red Sea

In recent weeks, US warships in the Red Sea have been engaged in a tense battle against an increasing barrage of weapons launched by Houthi forces in Yemen. The most recent clash occurred on Saturday when a US destroyer successfully intercepted over a dozen drones. The confrontations have prompted Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin to announce a new US-led operation focused on safeguarding merchant ships operating in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.

As CNN delves into the unfolding naval actions and the newly announced protection initiative, experts shed light on how warships are tackling the threats and anticipate potential challenges ahead.

The US Navy has not disclosed the specific weapon systems employed against Houthi attacks, but naval experts suggest that US destroyers have a range of options at their disposal. These include surface-to-air missiles, explosive shells from the main gun, and electronic warfare capabilities to disrupt drone communication.

However, the experts highlight the strategic decisions faced by US destroyer captains, considering factors such as cost, inventory, and overall effectiveness as the mission evolves. John Bradford, a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs fellow, notes that the slower drones can be targeted with cost-effective measures, while faster missiles may require more sophisticated and expensive interceptor missiles.

The Houthi forces, backed by Iran, have intensified attacks on US interests and Israel since the October 7 Hamas attacks in Israel. With a focus on commercial ships headed for Israel, the Houthi group aims to pressure Israel to halt its Gaza offensive. The attacks, including drone and missile strikes on commercial shipping, have prompted major container shipping companies to temporarily avoid the Suez Canal, impacting global supply chains and driving up freight costs.

The main asset deployed by the US in countering these threats is the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer, exemplified by the USS Carney. Equipped with advanced missile systems such as the Standard Missile-6 (SM-6) and the Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM), these destroyers play a crucial role in protecting commercial shipping.

Despite the effectiveness of these systems, experts raise concerns about the sustainability of a prolonged campaign against drones that can be produced at a fraction of the cost of sophisticated interceptor missiles. The Houthi forces, with Iranian support, have resources for an extended fight, adding to the complexity of the situation.

As the US-led Operation Prosperity Guardian unfolds, involving allied nations, experts emphasize the importance of international cooperation. However, they also acknowledge potential challenges, such as the deployment of anti-ship cruise or ballistic missiles, which could pose new threats to warships and commercial vessels.

With the battlespace constantly evolving, the US faces critical decisions on how to replenish missile inventories and potential offensive actions. As Defense Secretary Austin calls for a firm international response, the experts stress the need for a comprehensive strategy to address the escalating threats in the Red Sea, balancing defensive measures with potential offensive actions to safeguard maritime security.