How China Came To Dominate Clean Energy Technology

 

Rows of dark blue solar panels extending as far as the eye can see.
A solar and wind farm in Weifang, China. Gilles Sabrié for The New York Times


Western countries have long pursued green technology — in 1970, Jimmy Carter, the U.S. president, put solar panels on the White House. But no country has come close to matching the scale and tenacity of China.

In 2022, China accounted for 85 percent of the world’s clean energy manufacturing investment, and the country controls over 80 percent of every step of solar panel manufacturing.

China’s unrivaled production of clean energy technology is built on an earlier cultivation of the chemical, steel, battery and electronics industries. This is how it got there.

In the U.S., President Biden is trying to make Chinese electric vehicles prohibitively expensive to protect the domestic industry. But Donald Trump has promised that if he is elected, he will slam the brakes on the E.V. transition.

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